UPPER
is a single row character function.- It converts character values to upper case.
- The return value has the same data type as the argument CHAR type (CHAR or VARCHAR2).
- Can take a number type as input but
UPPER
has no effect. Return type is VARCHAR2.
Syntax: UPPER(Character String)
SELECT 'the code man' Name, UPPER('the code man') Upper_Name FROM DUAL; NAME UPPER_NAME ------------ ------------ the code man THE CODE MAN
SELECT 'The Code Man' Name, UPPER('The Code Man') Upper_Name FROM DUAL; NAME UPPER_NAME ------------ ------------ The Code Man THE CODE MAN
SELECT 'THe CoDE maN' Name, UPPER('THe CoDE maN') Upper_Name FROM DUAL; NAME UPPER_NAME ------------ ------------ THe CoDE maN THE CODE MAN
SELECT 'THE CODE MAN' Name, UPPER('THE CODE MAN') Upper_Name FROM DUAL; NAME UPPER_NAME ------------ ------------ THE CODE MAN THE CODE MAN
SELECT 'TheCode1000' Name, UPPER('TheCode1000') Upper_Name FROM DUAL; NAME UPPER_NAME ----------- ----------- TheCode1000 THECODE1000
UPPER
function does not throw error when a non-character is supplied. Following example shows UPPER
takes a NUMBER
as input and returns a VARCHAR2.
SELECT 12345.70990 Name, UPPER(12345.709905) Upper_Name FROM DUAL; NAME UPPER_NAME ---------- ------------ 12345.7099 12345.709905
Let us see how does UPPER behaves with table rows.
SELECT Empno, Ename, UPPER(Ename) Ename_Caps FROM Emp; EMPNO ENAME ENAME_CAPS ---------- ---------- ---------- 7839 KING KING 7698 BLAKE BLAKE 7782 CLARK CLARK 7566 JONES JONES 7788 SCOTT SCOTT 7902 FORD FORD 7369 SMITH SMITH 7499 ALLEN ALLEN 7521 WARD WARD 7654 MARTIN MARTIN 7844 TURNER TURNER 7876 ADAMS ADAMS 7900 JAMES JAMES 7934 MILLER MILLER 14 rows selected.